Contents
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Summary
Bibliography
Credits
Appendix
Bibliography
The following books and Medieval Texts were consulted in the course of preparing this study. Not all those listed are actually 'quoted', as most had nothing applicable in them. They were all read, and frequently provided good background information and a solid overview, but the "unquoted" Medieval texts played little part other than that. But I had to read them to determine if they contained any usable references. Those which were quoted are simply named in the text where the quotation is located All other information is included here in the bibliography entry.
The following texts are quoted in this text
"Archives of the SCA-MissileCombat list" Various messages. Located online at the yahoogroups website at http://www.yahoogroups.com/
"Marshal's Handbook", SCA, November, 2000 edition (Milpitas, Calif. 2000) The text used was found online or for purchase at the office of the Stock Clerk at http://www.sca.org/
"De profectione Ludovico VII in orientem" by Odo of Deuil, translated by Virginia Gingerick Berry, copyright 1948, Columbia University Press. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York. ISBN 0-393-09662-9 Also known as "The Journey of Louis VII to the East". As far as I know, this text is not available online. The text used may still be available for purchase 'used' online through Amazon.com at http://www.amazon.com/, which is where I bought my copy
"The Siege of Amida" by Ammianus Marcellinus, translated by John Rolfe (London, 1935). The text used was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"Gesta Danorum" by Saxo. From "The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus", translated by Oliver Elton (Norroena Society, New York, 1905). The text used was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/danish_history__book.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/saxocontents.htm
"Heimskringla - The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway" by Snorri Sturlson (c.1179-1241). Originally compiled from oral histories and written in Old Norse, app. 1225 AD, by the poet and historian Snorri Sturlson. English translation by Samuel Laing (London, 1844). The text of this edition is based on that published as "Heimskringla: A History of the Norse Kings" (Norroena Society, London, 1907), except for "Ynglinga Saga", which for reasons unknown is curiously absent from the Norroena Society edition. "Ynglinga Saga" text taken from Laing's original edition (London, 1844). The text used was found online on the Online Medieval and Classical Library website at http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heimskringla/ or can be found in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/Heimstoc.htm
"Historia Hierosolymita" by Albert of Aix : Source: August. C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants, (Princeton: 1921), The text used was found online on The Internet Medieval Sourcebook website at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/peterhermit.html.
"The New Encyclopaedia Britannica", 15th Edition, Chicago, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 1994. I used my personal copy from my own library, so you are on your own for finding this one. Most libraries should have a copy, though.
"The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin Through Wales" (1188 AD), by Giraldus Cambrensis, translated by Sir Richard Colt Hoare (1806), from the 1912 J. M. Dent edition. The text used was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/itineray_of_baldwin_.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/itintoc.htm
"Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae" by Jan Dlugosz (1480 AD). A translation of the original Latin into English, entitled "The Annals of Jan Dlugosz", translated by Maurice Michael, with a commentary by Paul Smith. ISBN 1 901019 00 4. is available from IM Publications, 6 Charlton Mill, Charlton, Chichester, West Sussex PO18 0HY, UK, in hardback at a price of £60/US$98. The text (excerpt) used was found online on the IM Publications website at http://www.impub.co.uk/dlug3.html
"Catholic Encyclopedia", 1913, Electronic version, New Advent, 2003 The encyclopedia was found online on the New Advent website at http://newadvent.org/cathen
"The Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville: A New English Version" by Ethel Wedgwood, E.P. Dutton and Co. New York, 1906. The text used was found online on the University of Virginia in the University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center website at: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/WedLord.html
"The Chronicles of Froissart" by Jean Froissart (c.1337–1410?). The Harvard Classics. Vol. 35, Part 1, 1909–14. Translated by Lord Berners, edited by G.C. Macaulay, New York: P.F. Collier and Son Company, 1909–14, New York. The text used was found online on the Bartleby website at http://www.bartleby.com/35/1/
"The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet" by Enguerrand de Monstrelet, translated by Thomas Johnes (London, 1840), vol. 1. The text used was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Murder of Charles the Good" by Galbert of Bruges, from "De multro, traditione, et occisione gloriosi Karoli comitis Flandriarum", translated by James Bruce Ross (Columbia University Press, 1953). The text (excerpt) used was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"What Befell Sultan Yusuf" by Abu el-Mehasan Yusef ibn-Rafi ibn-Temun el-Asadi ("The Life of Saladin" by Beha ed-Din, more commonly known as Bohadin) translated by the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, 1897, Third Edition, 1994. As far as I know, this text is not available online. The text used may still can be available for purchase online through The Islamic Bookstore website at http://islamicbookstore.com/, which is where I bought my copy.
"Memoirs or Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople" by Geoffrey de Villehardouin [b.c.1160-d.c.1213]: , trans. Frank T. Marzials, (London: J.M. Dent, 1908) The text used was found online on the Internet Medieval Sourcebook website at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/villehardouin.html
"Columbia Encyclopedia", Sixth Edition, New York, Columbia University Press, 2002, New York, Bartleby.com, 2002 The encyclopedia was found online on the Bartleby website at http://www.bartleby.com/65/
"Scalacronica" by Sir Thomas Gray, From Scalacronica: the reigns of Edward I, Edward II and Edward III, as recorded by Sir Thomas Gray, and now translated by Sir Herbert Maxwell, (Glasgow, 1907), p. 23-26, 48-65. The text (excerpt) used was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Chronicle of Lanercost 1272-1346", Author unknown, translated by Sir Herbert Maxwell (Glasgow, 1913) The text (excerpt) used was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"Organizational Handbook", SCA, April 2002 revision (Milpitas, Calif. 2002) The text used was found online or for purchase at the office of the Stock Clerk at http://www.sca.org/
"The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis" by Orderic Vitalis, edited and translated by Marjorie Chibnall, Volume VI, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978). The text (excerpt) used was found online on the The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm The entire text was found online on the Oxford University Press website at http://www.oup.com/
The following texts were used for background information, to develop an overview, and/or to check for passages applicable to the subjects at hand.
"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", various authors. Translation by Rev. James Ingram (London, 1823), with additional readings from the translation of Dr. J.A. Giles (London, 1847). The text used was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/anglo-saxon_chronicl.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/a-scontents.htm
"The Battle for Antioch (1097-98)" according to Peter Tudebode. This translation comes from, Peter Tudebode: "Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere" (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1974). The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Battle of Fontenay in 841", according to the Annals of Fulda. This text was translated in "Readings in European History", by James Harvey Robinson (Boston, 1904). The Annals of Fulda have been completely translated by Timothy Reuter (Manchester University Press, 1991).The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Battle of the Standard", Richard of Hexham, originally translated by Joseph Stevenson, The Church Historians of England, volume 4, part 1 (London, 1853-58) The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"Battle of Nouy", from Rodulfus Glaber. The excerpt is from: "Rodulfus Glaber: The Five Books of the Histories", edited and translated by John France (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989) The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation", Bede, (Text from L.C. Jane's 1903 Temple Classics translation, OCR by Swain Canote) The text consulted was found on the Angelseaxisce Ealdriht website at http://www.ealdriht.org/bede.html
"Beowulf", Anonymous, translated by Gummere. The text used was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/beowulf.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/beowlfintro.htm
"Byzantine invasion of Italy (534-547)", From "The Chronicle of Marcellinus Comes". The excerpt is from "The Chronicle of Marcellinus", edited and translated by Brian Croke (Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 1995) The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Capture of Thessaloniki in 904", John Kaminiates. This excerpt from "John Kaminiates: The Capture of Thessaloniki", edited and translated by David Frendo and Athanasios (Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 2000). http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494", Canon Pietro Casola, trans. Mary Margaret Newett. Manchester: The University Press, 1907. The text consulted was found at the University of Southern Colorado website, but that site was being closed down, and replaced by a new site for the University of Colorado at Boulder, which may not have the text on it. I have the E-text, and will put it back online as soon as I can in my online library. The URL for the old site is http://www.uscolo.edu/history/seminar/casola.htm
"The Cavalry General", Xenophon Translation by H. G. Dakyns The text used was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/cavalry_general__the.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/cavgentoc.htm
"Chronicle of The Abbey of St. Edmund's (1173-1202)", Jocelin of Brakelond. From "Jocelin of Brakelond, The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond Monk of St. Edmundsbury: A Picture of Monastic and Social Life on the XIIth Century", newly translated and edited by L.C. Jane, Introduction by Abbot Gasquet, (London: Chatto and Windus, 1907). The text consulted was found online at the Internet Medieval Sourcebook website at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/jocelin.html
"Chronicle of the Counts of Anjou", circa 1100 AD . From Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, "Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise" (Paris: Picard 1913) html © Trans. Steve Lane .The text consulted was found online on the Internet Medieval Sourcebook website at http://www.fordham%20edu/halsall/source/anjou
"Chronicon", Isidore of Seville, translated by Kenneth B. Wolf. The text consulted was found online on the Pomona College website at http://www.history.pomona.edu/kbw/h100y/chronicon.htm
"Combat Archery: A Manual for Western Archers", Sir Jon FitzRauf O.L., O.P. revised July 22, A.S. XXIX. Copyright 1995 by John R. Edgerton. The text consulted was found online at http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/articles/combat.archery.html
"De Exidio et Conquestu Britanniae", Gildas de Rhuys On The Ruin of Britain (De Excidio Britanniae) by Gildas. Translation by J.A. Giles The text used was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/on_the_ruin_of_brita.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/ruin.htm
"De Re Militari", Flavius Vegetius Renatus, translated from the Latin by Lieutenant John Clarke, Text written in 390 A.D., British translation published in 1767. Copyright Expired, E-text version by Mads Brevik (2001). The text consulted was found online on The Digital Attic website at http://www.pvv.ntnu.no/~madsb/home/war/vegetius/
"A Description of Germany", Tacitus [Excerpted from Tacitus, "Germania," in The Works of Tacitus, vol. 2, Thomas Gordon, tr. (London: George Bell and Sons, 1903] The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Description of Wales", Giraldus Cambrensis from the 1912 J. M. Dent edition The text used was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/description_of_wales.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/deswales.html
"Episodes of Medieval Warfare from the History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours", This excerpted translation is from "The History of the Franks" by Gregory of Tours, edited by O.M. Dalton (Oxford, 1927) The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"Gesta Francorum", Anonymous August. C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants, (Princeton: 1921), 262 The text consulted was found online at the Internet Medieval Sourcebook website at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gesta-cde.html
"Gesta Francorum Jerusalem Expugnantium", Fulk (or Fulcher) of Chartres,Fulk (or Fulcher) of Chartres, Gesta Francorum Jerusalem Expugnantium [The Deeds of the Franks Who Attacked Jerusalem], in Frederick Duncan and August C. Krey, eds., Parallel Source Problems in Medieval History (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1912), pp.109-115. The text consulted was found online at the Internet Medieval Sourcebook website at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/fulk2.html
"Guide-book to Palestine", Anonymous, was probably composed around 1350, and appears to be a composite of the writings of several authors. Text based on "Guide-book to Palestine". Translated by. J. H. Barnard, D.D., London 24. Hanover Square, W. 1894 Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, London,1894. The text consulted was found at the University of Southern Colorado website, but that site was being closed down, and replaced by a new site for the University of Colorado at Boulder, which may not have the text on it. I have the E-text, and will put it back online as soon as I can in my online library. The URL for the old site is http://www.uscolo.edu/history/seminar/anon/guidebook.htm
"Historia Brittonum", Nennius. Translated by J. A. Giles. The text consulted was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/history_of_the_brito.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/Nennius.htm
"Historia francorum qui ceperint Jerusalem", Raymond d'Aguiliers,Source: August. C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants, (Princeton: 1921). The text consulted was found online at the Internet Medieval Sourcebook website at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/raymond-cde.html
"Hunting with the Bow and Arrow", by Saxton Pope. A Project Gutenberg EBook. The text consulted was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext05/8hbow10.txt
"La relacion y Comentarios del Gouernador Aluar Nunez Cebeza de Vaca do lo acaescido en los dos jornadas que hizo a las Indias", Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca. Translated and Annotated by Cyclone Covey. Text Copyright ©1961 by The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company [but not renewed]. Reprinted 1983 by University of New Mexico Press, ISBN 0-8263-0656-X pbk [with an Epilogue by William T. Pilkington Copyright 1983,] E-text was originally located at Eldritch Press at http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/access.html, but that site seems to have disappeared now. The text consulted can be found in an easy to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/devacatoc.htm
"The Life and Death of Cormac the Skald", Author unknown, translation by W.G. Collingwood & J. Stefansson (Ulverston, 1901) The text consulted was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio/gutenberg/etext95/cormc10.txt, or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/Cormac.htm, or on the Online Medieval and Classical Library website at http://sunsite.berkley.edu/OMACL/Cormac/
"The Life of Charlemagne" [Einhardi vita Karoli Magni], Einhard, translated by Samuel Epes Turner (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1880) Modified by Gordd Cymru to add a short biography of Einhard and facing Latin text. The text consulted was found online on the Celtic Twilight website at http://charlemagne.celtic-twilight.com/einhard/index.htm
"Life of King Louis the Fat" by Abbot Suger. Translation © Jean
Dunbabin, St. Anne's College, Oxford OX2 6HS, England. The text consulted
was found online at the Internet Medieval
Sourcebook website at http://www.fordhan.edu/halsall/basis/suger-loiusthefat.html
New translation available also, but not online - Suger, Abbot of Saint
Denis, 1081-1151. "The Deeds of Louis the Fat". Translated with introduction
and notes by Richard Cusimano and John Moorhead. Washington, DC : Catholic
University of America Press, © 1992.
"Life of St. Declan of Ardmore" Rev. P. Power. Life of St. Declan of Ardmore, and Life of St. Mochuda of Lismore. London: Irish Texts Society. [Manuscript 4190-4200, Royal (Burgundian) Library, Brussels] LIFE OF ST. DECLAN OF ARDMORE (Edited from MS. in Bibliotheque Royale, Brussels). Translated from the Irish, with Introduction by Rev. P. Power M.R.I.A. University College, Cork. The text consulted was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/life_of_st._declan_o.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/declan.htm
"Magna Carta", King John of England. ASCII Text prepared by Nancy Troutman (The Cleveland Free-Net - aa300), Distributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN). © 1996 The Avalon Project. William C. Fray and Lisa A. Spar, Co-Directors. The text consulted was found at the The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School website at http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/avalon.htm or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/magna.htm
"The Monks of Kublai Khan, Emperor of China" or "The History of the Life and Travels of Rabban Sawma, Envoy and Plenipotentiary of the Mongol Khans to the Kings of Europe, and Markos who as Mar Yabh-Allaha III became Patriarch of the Nestorian Church in Asia", Bar Sauma, translated from the Syriac by Sir E. A. Wallis Budge, KT., M.A., Litt.D. (Cambridge), M.A., D.Litt. (Oxford), D. Lit. (Durham), F.S.A., London, The Religious Tract Society, Manchester, Toronto, Madrid, Lisbon. Budapest, First published in 1928 [All rights reserved], Made in Great Britain, Printed by Harrison & Sons, Ltd., St. Martin's Lane, London, W.C. 2. The text consulted was found at the University of Southern Colorado website, but that site was being closed down, and replaced by a new site for the University of Colorado at Boulder, which may not have the text on it. Because of Copyright law, I will not be able to put this one on line. The URL for the old site is http://www.uscolo.edu/history/seminar/sauma/sawma5.htm
"On Horsemanship", Xenophon. Translation by H. G. Dakyns. The text consulted was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/titles/on_horsemanship.html or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/hrsmntoc.htm
"Origin and Deeds of the Goths", Jordanes. Translated by Charles C. Mierow. The text consulted was found in Texts for Ancient History Classes, at the University of Calgary website at http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/texts.html and can also be found in an easy to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/jordtoc.htm
"The Pilgrimage of Arculfus in the Holy Land about the Year A.D. 670", translated and annotated by The Rev. James Rose MacPherson, B.D., London, 24, Hanover Square, W. 1895, Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, London, 1895. The text consulted was found at the University of Southern Colorado website, but that site was being closed down, and replaced by a new site for the University of Colorado at Boulder, which may not have the text on it. I have the E-text, and will put it back online as soon as I can in my online library. The URL for the old site is http://www.uscolo.edu/history/seminar/arculf/arculfus.htm
"The Pilgrimage of the Russian Abbot Daniel in the Holy Land 1106-1107 A.D", Daniel, annotated by Colonel Sir C. W. Wilson, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S., R.E., London, 24, Hanover Square, W. 1895. Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, London, 1895, The text consulted was found at the University of Southern Colorado website, but that site was being closed down, and replaced by a new site for the University of Colorado at Boulder, which may not have the text on it. I have the E-text, and will put it back online as soon as I can in my online library. The URL for the old site is http://www.uscolo.edu/history/seminar/daniel/daniel6.htm
"The Saga of Grettir the Strong", author unknown. Translation by Sir George W. DaSent (London, 1861) The text consulted was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext95/grttr10.txt, or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/gretindex.htm, or on the Online Medieval and Classical Library website at http://sunsite.berkley.edo/OMACL/Grettir/
"The Siege of Tyre in 1111-12", according to the "Chronicle of Ibn Al-Qalanisi" (Excerpt). This text is from "The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades", Extracted and translated from the "Chronicle of Ibn Al-Qalanisi", translated by H.A.R. Gibb (London: Luzac & Co., 1932). The text consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Siege of Amida in 502", according to Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite This translation is from "The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite", ed. William Wright (Cambridge, 1882). The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"The Story of Burnt Njal" (Njal's Saga), author unknown, translation by G. H. Hight (London, 1914) The text consulted was found online on the Project Gutenberg Association website in a text (.txt) format at http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext96/njals10.txt, or can be found in an easier to read html format in my own online library at http://users.ev1.net/~theweb/njaltoc.htm, or on the Online Medieval and Classical Library website at http://sunsite.berkley.edu/OMACL/Njal/
"Viking Raids in France and the Siege or Paris (882 - 886)" according to "The Annals of St. Vaast". This translation is from Readings in European History by James Harvey Robinson (Boston, 1904).The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"Warfare and Military Affairs in the Letters of Cassiodorus" These texts are from: "The Letters of Cassiodorus, being a condensed translation of the "Variae Epistolae of Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator", by Thomas Hodgkin (London, 1886). The text consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm. For the full texts of these letters, in Latin, please visit this website, http://freespace.virgin.net/angus.graham/cassiodorus.htm
"Warfare in Flanders", according
to Herman of Tournai, from "Restauratio sancti Martini Tornacensis", Herman
of Tournai. This translation comes from "The Restoration of the
Monastery of Saint Martin of Tournai", translated by Lynn H. Nelson
(The Catholic University of America Press, 1996).The
text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval
Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
"War between Henry V and the city of Cologne, 1114", from "The Greater Annals of Cologne", this translation is from "Readings in European History", by James Harvey Robinson (Boston, 1904) The text (excerpt) consulted was found online on The Society for Medieval Military History website at http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/sources.htm
The following texts are in my personal library and were consulted for miscellaneous background information during the course of writing this text. To the best of my knowledge, they are not available online.
"Arms and Armor" Frederick Wilkinson, The Military Book Club, Copyright 1978, Reed International Books, 1996 Edition by Chancellor Press, an imprint of Reed Consumer Books Limited, Michelin House, 81 Fulham Road, London SW3 6RB. ISBN 1-85152-957-8
"Civilization - Past and Present" Volume 1 "From the beginnings of civilization through the discovery and conquest of the New World. Paleolithic Era to 1650 A.D." , T. Walter Wallbank & Alastair M. Taylor, Revised Edition, Copyright 1949 by Scott, Foresman and Company, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas, New York.
"The Crossbow", Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey, Bt., Second Edition Copyright D. Payne Gallwey, Published by The Holland Press, an imprint of New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. 24 Nutford Place, London W1H 6DQ. ISBN 0-946323-14-3
"The Devil's Horsemen, The Mongol Invasion of Europe", James Chambers, Atheneum, New York, 1979, Haddon Craftsmen, Inc., Scranton, Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-689-10942-3
"A Glossary of the Construction Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor in all Countries and in all Times Together with Some Closely Related Subjects", George Cameron Stone. Jack Brussel, Publisher, New York, N.Y. Copyright MCMXXXIV by The Southworth Press, Renewal copyright MCMLXI by Jack Brussel. ISBN 0-517-065878
"The Mongol Warlords", David Nicolle, Brockhampton Press, London. Copyright 1990 Firebird Books Ltd., Poole, Dorset BH15 2RG, Text copyright 1990 by David Nicolle. 1998 Edition by Brockhampton Press, a member of Hodder Headline PLC Group. ISBN 1-86019-4079
"The Secret History of the Mongols" author unknown, translated and edited by Francis Woodman Cleaves. Copyright1982 by the Harvard-Yenching Institute, Published for the Hravard-Yenching Institute by Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England. ISBN 0-674-79670-5
"A Source Book of Mediaeval History", edited by Frederic Austin Ogg, A.M. Copyright 1907 by Frederic Austin Ogg, entered at Stationers' Hall, London W.P.14, American Book Company, New York - Cincinnati - Chicago